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Mengenal Tanaman Nepenthes dan Cara Merawatnya
Tanaman Nepenthes semakin populer dan menjadi idaman para peng-koleksi tanaman. Berikut ini Kita akan mengenal tanaman Nepenthes dan cara merawatnya.
Pengenalan dan Karakteristik Nepenthes
Nepenthes adalah sejenis tanaman karnivora, di Indonesia spesies Nepenthes yang terkenal adalah kantong semar. Nepenthes umum ditemukan di daerah tropis seperti Cina Selatan, Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Filipina.
Tumbuhan Nepenthes dapat mencapai tinggi 15–20 m dengan cara menempel pada tanaman lainnya. Hal ini memasukkan Nepenthes sebagai tanaman perambat. Pada ujung daun terdapat sulur yang berbentuk seperti kantung. Kantung ini berfungsi sebagai alat perangkap yang digunakan untuk memakan mangsanya. Makanan atau asupan nutrisi dari Nepenthes adalah serangga. Tapi kadangkala jika Nepenthes memiliki ukuran yang besar reptil seperti katak, kadal pun bisa menjadi santapannya. Bahkan tercatat ada tumbuhan Nepenthes yang mampu mengkonsumsi tikus.
Tanaman ini memiliki penyebaran yang sangat luas dari pinggir pantai sampai dataran tinggi, karena inilah nepenthes dibagi dalam dua jenis yaitu jenis dataran tinggi dan jenis dataran rendah, walau kebanyakan spesies tumbuh di dataran tinggi.
Mengenal Jenis Jenis Nepenthes dan Cara Merawatnya
Ada sekitar 160 spesies dari Nepenthes yang tercatat secara resmi pada saat ini, pada tulisan berikut ini Kita akan mengenal beberapa jenis jenis tanaman Nepenthes dan cara merawatnya.
Jenis Jenis Spesies Nepenthes
Nepenthes ampullaria
Nepenthes ampullaria memiliki batang merambat, daunya tebal dan berbentuk sudip. Kantong dari tanaman ini berbentuk seperti tempayan, berwarna hijau dengan lurik coklat kemerah-merahan. Di beberapa sub spesies berwarna merah dengan lurik coklat, dengan dua sayap cukup lebar, mulut berbentuk oval, penutup kecil berbentuk pasak atau elips. Nepenthes ampullaria tersebar di Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan Irian Jaya. habitat tanaman ini berada di hutan kerangas, hutan rawa gambut, hutan rawa, pinggir sungai, sawah, dan semak belukar.
Nepenthes mirabilis
Tanaman ini memiliki batang bentuk silinder. Daunnya tipis dan lonjong. Kantong perangkap berbentuk oval. Nepenthes mirabilis memiliki warna hijau atau merah. Habitat dari tanaman ini berada di pulau Sumatera, Kalimantan, Jawa, Sulawesi, Maluku, Irian Jaya. Sedangkan tempat hidup alaminya berada di tempat terbuka pada tebing-tebing di pinggir jalan, tepi sungai, tepi hutan, dan tepi danau, dimana nutrisi akan mencukupi tumbuh kembang tanaman ini.
Nepenthes refflesiana
Tanaman jenis ini dikenal dengan ukuran kantung yang lebih besar dari jenis lainnya. Nepenthes Rafflesiana memiliki banyak jenis yang serupa dan dapat ditemukan tumbuh di daerah Kalimantan, Sumatera, Singapura dan Malaysia.
Nepenthes reinwardtiana
Kantong semar jenis ini merupakan salah satu tanaman yang habitatnya cukup luas di Indonesia. Umumnya, Nepenthes jenis ini memiliki ukuran kantung yang berukuran sedang sekitar 15 cm. Tapi tanaman ini mampu tumbuh lebih besar jika perawatannya dilakukan dengan baik.
Perawatan Nepenthes
Penyiraman
Jangan biarkan tanaman ini mengering, atur jadwal penyiraman yang tepat. Gunakan air yang relatif bersih seperti air hujan, air suling atau air murni. Air keran dapat digunakan di banyak tempat jika airnya rendah garam.
Pemupukan
Meskipun tanaman ini mendapatkan nutrisi dari memakan serangga atau binatang kecil lainnya, tetap saja, Nepenthes sama seperti tanaman pada umumnya. Tetap memerlukan pupuk sebagai asupan tumbuh kembang tanaman itu. Jangan berikan pupuk secara berlebihan. Takar seberapa cukup pupuk yang diberikan. Hal ini juga tergantung dari jenis atau spesies Nepenthes yang dimiliki.
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